• Age above or equal to 18 years
• eGFR ≥15 and < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation).
• Evidence of ASCVD by one or more of the following within the last 5 years:
  • Coronary heart disease defined as at least one of the following:
    • Documented history of MI, prior coronary revascularization procedure, or ≥50% stenosis in major epicardial coronary artery documented by cardiac catheterisation or CT coronary angiography
  • Cerebrovascular disease defined as at least one of the following:
    • Prior stroke of atherosclerotic origin, prior carotid artery revascularisation procedure, or ≥50% stenosis in carotid artery documented by X-ray angiography, MR angiography, CT angiography or Doppler ultrasound.
  • Symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) defined as at least one of the following:
    • Intermittent claudication with an ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤ 0.90 at rest, intermittent claudication with a ≥50% stenosis in peripheral artery (excluding carotid) documented by X-ray angiography, MR angiography, CT angiography or Doppler ultrasound, prior peripheral artery (excluding carotid) revascularisation procedure, or lower extremity amputation at or above ankle due to atherosclerotic disease (excluding e.g. trauma or osteomyelitis).

• No current (or within 90 days of visit 1) chronic or intermittent haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.
• No myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalisation for unstable angina pectoris, or transient ischaemic attack within 60 days
• No history of inflammatory bowel disease that has been clinically active during the last 12 months

• Patients will be directed to PCP for normal care/non-study related health concerns
• Patients will receive study medication at no cost during the course of the study
• Patients will receive lab tests, physical exams, and study related care at no cost
• Patients will receive reimbursement of $50 per completed office visit and $15 per completed phone visit for participating
• The study involves about 18 office visits over approximately 4 years 

• ≥18 years of age
• Presence of diarrhea, defined as passage of ≥ 3 unformed bowel movements (UBMs) within 24 hours
• Confirmed or possibility of the presence of C. difficile
• Patient does not have severe illness, co-morbidities or may require hospitalization (based on description of symptoms, known medical history).  
• Has not received more than 24 hours of dosing of any of the following: oral vancomycin, oral fidaxomicin, or oral/IV metronidazole for the current episode of CDI.
• Has not received any other antibacterial therapy for the current CDI episode.
• Has not had more than 3 episodes of CDI in the previous 12 months or more than 1 prior episode in the last 3 months, excluding the current episode
• Does not have active inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome with chronic diarrhea).

• There will be up to 10 in-person visits and phone visits over about 1 month
• Patients may be compensated $100 per visit for time and travel
• Patients will receive lab tests, physical exams, and study related care at no cost
• Patients will be directed to their own doctor for normal care/non-study related health concerns

• Have a body mass index (BMI) ≥27.0 kilogram/square meter (kg/m ²)
• Are either
  • individuals ≥40 years of age with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).
    • CVD is defined as meeting at least one of the following:
      • Coronary artery disease
      • Cerebrovascular disease
  • Peripheral arterial disease OR
  • individuals without established CVD but have the presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (primary prevention)
    • women 55-69 years of age or men 50-64 years of age with at least 3 risk factors like tobacco use, dyslipidemia, hypertension at screening, or
    • women ≥70 years of age or men, ≥65 years of age with at least 2 risk factors at screening. Are on a stable treatment of at least 1 antihyperglycemic medication, for at least 3 months

• Do not have type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• Do not have history of ketoacidosis, or hyperosmolar state/coma
• Do not have class IV heart failure
• Are not using or have not used a GLP-1 within 3 months

• There will be about 27 study visits over about 5 years and 5 months
• Patients will receive lab tests, diabetes medications, physical exams, and study related care at no cost
• Patients will be directed to their own doctor for normal care/non-study related health concerns

• 55 years of age or older
• Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30
  1. Established CVD as evidenced by at least one of the following: Prior myocardial infarction, prior stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke), or Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

• If diabetic:
  • Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ≥ 180 days ago
  • HbA1c 7%-10%

• No planned coronary, carotid or peripheral artery revascularization
• Not being treatmed with any glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA) or a medication with GLP-1 activity within 90 days
• No chronic or intermittent hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis

• There will be about 22 study visits over about 3 years
• Patients may be compensated up to $1,100.00 if all visits are completed
• Patients will receive lab tests, diabetes medications, physical exams, and study related care at no cost
• Patients will be directed to their own doctor for normal care/non-study related health concerns

• Age ≥ 18 years
• BMI ≥ 27.0 kg/m^2
• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus ≥ 180 days ago
• Treatment with either lifestyle intervention, or treatment with 1-3 marketed oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD)s (metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI), glinides, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), thiazolidinediones, or sulphonylureas (SU)s as a single agent or in combination) according to local label
• Treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs should be stable (same drug(s), dose and dosing frequency) for at least 90 days
• HbA1c 7%-10% 

• There will be about 22 study visits over about 1 year and 3 months
• Patients may be compensated up to $1,100.00 if all visits are completed
• Patients will receive lab tests, diabetes medications, physical exams, and study related care at no cost
• Patients will be directed to their own doctor for normal care/non-study related health concerns

• Male or female over the age of 18
• Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease
• Has Internet access to provide data online

For more information please visit:  www.foxinsight.org/clinic

• Surveys on health-related topics to be completed every 3 months for 5 years
• Optional, one-time surveys and sub-studies including genetic testing and counseling at no cost
• Appointment reminders and physician reports online for patients